This time, I’m going to write about protogynous…
In “The Kew Plants Glossary Second Edition”, Protogynous means “(of a flower) with the stigma receptive before the anthers open, i.e. first functionally female and afterwards functionally male”.
Protogynous is common in Araceae. In other words, the period of stigma receptivity and anther dehiscence in Araceae usually does not overlap, and, as a result, cross-pollination with another individual is generally required for seed production. However, within the Araceae family, there are species that can perform self-pollination or asexual reproduction. One notable example of such a species is Amorphophallus bulbifer. The image below shows immature fruits of Amorphophallus bulbifer. In the environment where this individual is grown, there are no other individuals, so these seeds would result in clones.
